![]() ![]() Project experience in bioethanol and biopower plants equipped with CCUS suggests that project lead times on the capture side can range from 1.5 to 6.5 years, averaging 3.5 years. ![]() While bioethanol is currently the leading BECCS application, more projects in power and industry are expected to come online There are plans for two hydrogen facilities to run partly or fully on biomass with CCUS.Four projects are also targeting CCUS retrofits at pulp and paper mills, with two plants announced in 2022 in Canada.These include the Brevik Norcem plant in Norway currently under construction, the Cementa Slite plant in Sweden and the K6 Lumbres project in France. Most cement plants planning to use biomass and carbon capture and storage aim to be at best carbon neutral, rather than carbon negative, due to either partial capture rates or partial biomass substitution for fossil fuels. In industry, six cement plants have announced plans to integrate biomass feedstock in the clinker production process and retrofit CCUS.In Denmark, two combined heat and power plants were awarded a contract by the Danish Energy Agency in 2023 as part of its CCUS subsidy scheme. Around 20 Mt of biogenic CO 2 could be captured from heat and power plants, with over 80% from dedicated biopower plants, and the remainder from waste-to-energy plants.Project announcements in the past two years suggest that the BECCS project pipeline is diversifying, with proportionally more capture projects being announced in heat and power, hydrogen and cement: Other small-scale bioethanol facilities are capturing CO 2 in Europe and the United States, but these either sell the CO 2 to greenhouses for yield boosting or use it for enhanced oil recovery.Īround 40 additional bioethanol facilities are planned to come online before 2030 (including around 30 as part of the Midwest Carbon Express project in the United States), totalling around 15 Mt of biogenic CO 2 capture capacity. The Red Trail Energy bioethanol project, the second in the United States targeting dedicated storage, came online in 2022. The largest operating BECCS project to date is the Illinois Industrial CCS Project, which has been capturing CO 2 for permanent storage in a deep geological formation since 2018. Around 90% is captured in bioethanol facilities, one of the lowest-cost BECCS applications due to the high concentration of CO 2 in the process gas stream. While some carbon capture and utilisation routes can bring important climate benefits, CO 2 removal can only be achieved through permanent storage.Īround 2 Mt CO 2 per year are currently captured from biogenic sources, with less than 1 Mt CO 2 stored in dedicated storage. As an alternative to storage, the captured CO 2 can also be utilised as a feedstock for a range of products. Biogenic sources used for BECCS can be process emissions resulting from biofuel and biohydrogen production, or combustion emissions from heat and power generation in power plants, waste-to-energy plants and industrial applications fired or co-fired by biomass (cement, pulp and paper) or using biochar as a reducing agent (steel). BECCS is the only CDR technique that can also provide energy. In parallel, a public consultation on business models for BECCS in power was also launched in July 2022.īECCS and direct air capture (DAC) with CO 2 storage are technology-based solutions for CDR, required to meet net zero ambitions. The United Kingdom launched its Hydrogen BECCS Innovation Programme in 2022, which plans to issue more than GBP 30 million in funding over two phases to support technologies that can produce hydrogen from biogenic feedstocks that are combined with carbon capture.The United States announced major increases to the 45Q tax credit for CCUS in 2022 under the Inflation Reduction Act, which supports BECCS by providing tax credits now valued at USD 60 per tonne of CO2 used and USD 85 per tonne of CO 2 stored.The same agency is also consulting market participants for a DKK 2.6 billion (EUR 350 million) subsidy scheme targeted at negative emissions (the Negative Emissions CCS fund). Denmark, where two combined heat and power plants with the capacity to remove more than 0.4 Mt CO 2 per year by 2026 were awarded a contract by the Danish Energy Agency in May 2023 as part of the carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) subsidy scheme.Countries and regions making notable progress to advance BECCS include: ![]()
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